|
Lanark County is a county located in the Canadian province of Ontario. Its county seat is Perth, which was first settled in 1816.〔Brown, Howard Morton, 1984. Lanark Legacy, Nineteenth Century Glimpses of on Ontario County. Corporation of the County of Lanark, Perth, Ontario and General Store Publishing House, Renfrew Ontario. p.98〕 Most European settlement of the county began in 1816, when Drummond, Beckwith and Bathurst townships were named and initially surveyed.〔Brown, Howard Morton, 1984. Lanark Legacy, Nineteenth Century Glimpses of on Ontario County. Corporation of the County of Lanark, Perth, Ontario and General Store Publishing House, Renfrew Ontario.〕 The first farm north of the Rideau was cleared and settled somewhat earlier, in 1790.〔Brown, Howard Morton, 1984. Lanark Legacy, Nineteenth Century Glimpses of on Ontario County. Corporation of the County of Lanark, Perth, Ontario and General Store Publishing House, Renfrew Ontario. p.9〕 The county took its name from the town of Lanark in Scotland. Nearly all the townships were named after British public and military figures from the era of early settlement.〔 ==Geography== The county is located in the subregion of Southern Ontario named Eastern Ontario. Geologically, the northern part of the county is in the Canadian Shield and the southern part is in the Great Lakes Basin. The county has two large rivers, the Mississippi and Rideau, each of which empty into the Ottawa River. The landscape is varied including Canadian Shield (with gneiss, granite and marble) as well as limestone plains, with a variety of tills, sands and clays left from the melting of glaciers in the last ice age.〔Keddy, P.A. 2008. Earth, Water, Fire: An Ecological Profile of Lanark County. General Store Publishing House, Arnprior.〕 At the time of settlement, most of the county was covered in temperate deciduous forest; the dominant forest trees included maple, hemlock, oak and beech.〔 Some of the higher ridges in the west of the county were likely once natural fire barrens, with a distinctive fauna and flora.〔Catling, Paul and Vivian Brownell. 1999. The flora and ecology of southern Ontario granite barrens. Pages 392-405 in the book Anderson, R.C., J.S. Fralish and J.M. Baskin. 1999. Savannas, Barrens, and Rock Outcrop Plant Communities of North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.〕 The clearance of forests began with early settlement, at which time one of the important exports from the area was potash, made from the ashes of the trees burned in clearing.〔Brown, Howard Morton, 1984. Lanark Legacy, Nineteenth Century Glimpses of an Ontario County. Corporation of the County of Lanark, Perth, Ontario and General Store Publishing House, Renfrew Ontario. p. 104〕 The natural diversity of the landscape supports over 1200 species of plants in the county flora.〔http://www.lanarkflora.com/plantlist.html〕 Seventeen areas have been documented as outstanding examples of plant diversity; these include Blueberry Mountain, Burnt Lands Alvar, Clay Bank Alvar, Christie Lake, Murphy's Point Provincial Park and Almonte Town Park.〔http://www.lanarkflora.com/areas.html〕 The county also has 47 provincially significant wetlands. Some of the largest are Blueberry Marsh (north of Perth), the Innisville Wetlands (upstream of Mississippi Lake) and the Goodwood Marsh south of Carleton Place.〔Keddy, P.A. 2008. Earth, Water, Fire: An Ecological Profile of Lanark County. General Store Publishing House, Arnprior. Map 14.〕 In addition to David White's list of 17 areas of plant diversity, Paul Keddy lists 17 special places in the county.〔Keddy, P.A. 2008. Earth, Water, Fire: An Ecological Profile of Lanark County. General Store Publishing House, Arnprior. Map 17.〕 Both lists have the Burnt Lands Alvar, the (Christie Lake Barrens ) and Murphy's Point Provincial Park. Keddy's list adds areas such as Playfairville Rapids,〔Lemky, K. and P. Keddy. 1988. An unusual shoreline flora along the Mississippi River, Lanark County. Trail & Landscape 22: 49-52 .〕 Lavant/Darling Spillway and the (Carleton Place Hackberry stand ). Also of interest is an old shoreline which crosses the county diagonally, approximately from Almonte in the northeast to Perth in the southwest.〔Keddy, P.A. 2008. Earth, Water, Fire: An Ecological Profile of Lanark County. General Store Publishing House, Arnprior. Map 5.〕 This shoreline was formed about 12,000 years ago near the end of the last ice age when much of the Ottawa Valley was inundated by the Champlain Sea. Many areas below this old shoreline are flat clay plains, with occasional outcrops of gneiss or limestone ridges. Some of the distinctive southern animals in the county include five-lined skinks〔()〕 (Ontario's only species of lizard), black rat snakes and southern flying squirrels.〔http://www.drpaulkeddy.com/teaching_lanark.html〕 Unusual southern plants include the Arrow arum, a nationally rare wetland plant found near Mississippi Lake.〔Toner, M., N. Stow, and C.J. Keddy. 1995. Arrow Arum, Peltandra virginica: a nationally rare plant in the Ottawa Valley Region of Ontario. Canadian Field-Naturalist 109(4): 441-442〕 The south-facing cliffs over Big Rideau Lake, including Foley Mountain, have a slightly warmer climate, and therefore support an unusual southern flora〔 including shagbark hickory, tall cinquefoil (''Potentilla arguta'') and a rare fern, blunt-lobed woodsia.〔()〕 Cliff Bennett provides a list of 26 routes for canoe and kayak exploration of the county.〔()〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lanark County」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|
